Personalized medicine has emerged as a promising approach to healthcare, aiming to tailor medical treatment to individual characteristics such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Pharmacogenomics, the study of how an individual's genetic makeup influences their response to drugs, plays a crucial role in advancing personalized medicine. This review article explores the significance of pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine and its implications for nursing practice. Pharmacogenomics offers insights into how genetic variations can affect drug metabolism, efficacy, and adverse reactions. By understanding these genetic differences, healthcare providers can optimize treatment plans, minimize adverse effects, and improve patient outcomes. Nurses, as frontline healthcare professionals, play a vital role in implementing pharmacogenomic testing, interpreting results, and educating patients about personalized treatment options. This review examines current research on pharmacogenomics and its applications in various medical specialties, including oncology, cardiology, psychiatry, and infectious diseases. It discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers. Furthermore, the review addresses ethical, legal, and social implications of pharmacogenomic testing, such as informed consent, privacy concerns, and disparities in access to personalized medicine. It also explores the role of nursing education in preparing nurses to incorporate pharmacogenomics into their practice and engage in shared decision-making with patients regarding genetic testing and treatment options. In conclusion, pharmacogenomics holds great promise for advancing personalized medicine and improving patient care outcomes. Nurses are well-positioned to embrace this innovative approach and enhance their practice through the integration of pharmacogenomic principles. By staying informed about the latest developments in pharmacogenomics and collaborating with other healthcare professionals, nurses can contribute to the delivery of more precise and individualized care.