Background: Health disparities persist across urban and rural communities, reflecting an intricate interplay of social determinants that significantly impact individuals' well-being. This study aims to delve into the nuanced factors contributing to health inequities, employing a public health lens to unravel the complex web of influences shaping disparities in urban and rural settings. Aim: The main purpose of our current research is to comprehensively examine and analyze role of social determinants in influencing health outcomes within diverse communities. By focusing on both urban and rural contexts, we seek to identify specific factors that contribute to disparities, having eventual goal of informing targeted interventions and strategies to address these inequities. Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data will be collected through surveys and analysis of existing health databases, while qualitative insights will be gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research will explore key social determinants, including socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, education, and community resources, to offer the holistic understanding of their influence on health disparities. Results: Preliminary findings reveal a multifaceted relationship between social determinants and health outcomes in urban and rural communities. Disparities in access to healthcare services, socioeconomic disparities, and variations in educational opportunities emerge as crucial factors contributing to health disparities. The results underline necessity for tailored public health interventions that address specific challenges faced by both urban and rural populations. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate connections between social determinants and health disparities in urban and rural communities. The findings highlight position of targeted interventions that address unique challenges faced by diverse populations. By understanding and addressing these determinants, public health initiatives may remain more effective in reducing health disparities and endorsing equitable health outcomes for all.