Sustainably developing Vietnam's agricultural economy and expanding the agricultural product market to the world is an appropriate long-term direction for the Vietnamese economy. Therefore, it becomes even more critical that countries worldwide are increasingly focusing on environmentally friendly agricultural production, concentrating on organic agriculture, and increasingly limiting the use of chemicals in agriculture. To do this, one of the core factors is that the Vietnamese state must be the leading actor in operating the agricultural economy toward sustainable development. In the field of horticultural production, one of the primary responsibilities of the state to realize and achieve this goal is to focus on enhancing the responsibility of state management over the use of fertilizers and pesticides in cultivation. The article analyzes and points out inadequacies in Vietnamese law on state management of the use of chemicals in cultivation and practical issues of state responsibility in this field. The author completes this article by using documentation data collection, law analysis, and the comparison method. The ultimate goal of this article is to show the actual cases and the provisions of Vietnamese law on state management of chemical use in cultivation, in which analyzing inappropriate points leading to low efficiency of state management, then producing crop products under quality standards, not ensuring safety for human health, affecting the environment and failing to promote the strength of Vietnam's agriculture in the international market. To solve these inadequacies, this article offers different solutions to improve the provisions of national laws, thereby effectively promoting the state's management responsibility for using chemicals in cultivation in Vietnam. It is essential to ensure that Vietnam's cultivated agricultural products exist in domestic and international markets, meeting food safety standards towards organic agriculture and sustainable development.