Pteridophytes are a group of plants that represent important evolutionary advancements, such as the development of vascular tissues like xylem and phloem, in addition to a dominant sporophyte phase. Pteridophytes are used as ornamental plants due to their long foliage with specific patterns of branching and plant forms. They are also used as bioindicators of pollution, phytoremediators, and some are used as biofertilizers. During the invasion of land, pteridophytes developed several adaptations in morphology, anatomy, and reproductive strategies for successful habitation on land. In this process, they developed a number of secondary metabolites that help these plants thrive in harsh conditions. Some of these secondary metabolites have antimicrobial properties and are used as drugs against certain pathogens. The traditional system of medicines helps urban, rural, and tribal peoples in the treatment of many diseases without side effects. Pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies) hold immense value, although their economic and medicinal value is not well understood. Based on reports published within the last two decades, we have gathered information on medicinal ferns occurring in the Rajasthan state of India. The use of different plant parts of 11 species of ferns in Rajasthan by local peoples, especially tribes, for various ailments has been recorded. Commonly occurring species of the genus Adiantum are widely used in different parts of the state.