No other stage in one's life is more critical than during infancy and childhood for ensuring that children get appropriate and balanced nutrition. Nutrients in adequate amounts and with the proper composition are critical for growth, functional outcomes such as cognition and immune response, as well as the metabolic programming of long-term health and well-being throughout this dynamic time. According to guidelines from the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, the energy and nutrients necessary for babies' growth and development are not met solely by breast milk beyond the age of six months, and extra meals are required to satisfy those requirements. Human development, especially in infants and children, needs a sufficient supply of nutrients. As a result, a balanced diet is essential for healthy growth in order to ensure optimal macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Macronutrients are the chemicals that individuals consume in the largest number and are separated into three categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates are the most abundant macronutrient, followed by proteins and fats. Micronutrients such as zinc, iron, vitamin D, and folic acid, which are provided in small quantities but are critical for good development in the pediatric period, are introduced in adequate amounts. Several major macro- and micronutrients for children's growth and development are discussed in this review, with a particular emphasis on low- and middle-income countries like India. Antioxidants and other miscellaneous nutrients are also discussed