Researchers currently face significant challenges in developing long-lived and energy-efficient clustering and routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various domains, including military, agriculture, education, and environmental monitoring. WSNs have profoundly affected various aspects of human existence. Existing routing protocols have mainly focused on cluster head selection but have ignored critical elements of routing such as clustering, data aggregation, and security. Although cluster-based routing has played a significant role in solving these problems, there is definitely area for improvement in the cluster head selection process (Cluster Head) by integrating key features.