Emerging pollution from various anthropogenic sources that are released in the environment is a great threat to the environment and human health. There is uncontrollable pollution being released into the environment as a result of increased rate of the industrialization these days. Bioremediation can help to solve many environmental related problems of the existing population. Nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the quality and viability of water through bioremediation processes. Use of nanotechnology for bioremediation of emerging water pollutants is creating a new economic, cleaner, cost-effective and healthier environment. Nanobioremediation is an emerging technology and can be used for remediation of various pollutants through these mechanisms including, materials based on carbon, like carbon nanotubes, dendrimers such as polymer-based material, zeolites that is silica-based materials and metal-based nanoparticles such as Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxides, silver, copper nanoparticles etc. Nano-adsorbents, photocatalysts, nano-metals and nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes and nano-filtration are the techniques of nanobioremediation. Hazardous water pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes and other chemicals can remediate through advanced nanotechnology. In this study role of nanotechnology in combination with bioremediation in waste water treatment to control emerging pollutants is included.