Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of healthcare for extracting valuable information from medical records. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of NLP techniques in extracting information from medical records, focusing on the challenges, advancements, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. The review begins by discussing the importance of extracting information from medical records for various healthcare applications, such as clinical decision support, disease surveillance, and research. It then explores the different NLP techniques used for information extraction, including text mining, named entity recognition, and information retrieval. The review also highlights the challenges associated with extracting information from medical records, such as unstructured data, variability in language, and data privacy concerns. Furthermore, the review discusses the advancements in NLP technology that have enabled more accurate and efficient extraction of information from medical records. This includes the use of deep learning models, such as recurrent neural networks and transformers, for natural language understanding and information extraction tasks. The review also covers the integration of NLP with other technologies, such as electronic health records and data analytics, to enhance the extraction and utilization of information from medical records. Moreover, the review examines the current applications of NLP in healthcare, such as clinical coding, phenotype extraction, and adverse event detection. It also discusses the potential future directions of NLP in extracting information from medical records, including personalized medicine, population health management, and real-time data analysis. In conclusion, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of NLP for extracting information from medical records, highlighting the challenges, advancements, and future opportunities in this important area of healthcare research.