Background: Cancer pain is a prevalent issue affecting a significant number of individuals, with its prevalence increasing as the population ages. Despite advancements in cancer treatment, many patients continue to experience poorly controlled pain, impacting their quality of life. Nurses, as frontline caregivers, play a crucial role in assessing and managing cancer pain. However, research indicates that barriers such as inadequate knowledge, time constraints, limited resources, and opioid-related concerns hinder effective pain management by nurses. Objective: This research article aims to evaluate nurses' knowledge of cancer pain management, identify common barriers perceived by nurses in providing effective pain management, and explore the impact of nurses' knowledge and perceived barriers on the quality of cancer pain management. By understanding these factors, interventions can be developed to enhance nurses' capabilities in managing cancer pain and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: Despite improvements in cancer treatment, pain management remains a significant challenge for many cancer patients. While the prevalence of pain has decreased over the past decade, poorly controlled pain persists, especially among vulnerable populations. Nurses' pivotal role in cancer pain management is hindered by various barriers, highlighting the need for ongoing education, training, and organizational support to address these challenges and enhance the quality of care provided to cancer patients. By addressing these barriers, healthcare systems can improve pain management practices, leading to better outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals undergoing cancer treatment.