Medication errors pose a significant challenge to patient safety in healthcare settings, including hospitals in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to explore the various factors that contribute to medication errors within Saudi Arabian hospitals, with a specific focus on the roles of nurses and pharmacists in preventing such errors. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical data collection, this research investigates the root causes of medication errors, including issues related to medication administration, prescription practices, communication breakdowns, and system failures. Moreover, the study examines the crucial responsibilities of nurses and pharmacists in identifying, reporting, and mitigating medication errors to enhance patient outcomes and reduce adverse events. By shedding light on the factors that influence medication errors and the collaborative efforts of healthcare professionals in error prevention, this study provides valuable insights for healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and educators in Saudi Arabia striving to improve medication safety practices in hospital settings.