While advancements in medical care have made it possible for juvenile sickle cell disease patients to reach adulthood, the management of the disease in adult sickle cell disease patients, continues to be difficult due to the higher rates of mortality and comorbidities. In addition, adults are more likely to be hospitalized than pediatric patients because they are more likely to have received chelation or transfusions and to have signs and symptoms of classic chronic diseases. Establishing the right diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (SCA) at an early age, preferably during the newborn period, is the first step in beginning the appropriate care of this condition. The roles of health care adminstration, together with radiology and medical laboratory teams are very crucial in management of those patient. The early commencement of prophylactic vaccines against pneumococcal and penicillin, which help prevent overwhelming sepsis, is made possible by the identification of afflicted infants through neonatal screening programs. Ongoing education of families helps to encourage the early recognition of difficulties that are caused by the disease, which in turn enables timely and appropriate medical diagnosis and therapeutic response. In order to provide comprehensive care, periodic evaluations by trained professionals are helpful. These evaluations include transcranial Doppler tests, which are used to detect children who are at risk for primary stroke.