The intersection of patent law and biotechnology has given rise to numerous legal and ethical challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the key issues surrounding biotech patents and innovation. It explores the legal framework governing biotech patents, the ethical implications of patenting living organisms and genetic material, and the impact of patents on biotechnological innovation. Additionally, the paper discusses the balance between incentivizing innovation through patents and ensuring access to essential biotechnological advancements. By analyzing relevant case law, legislative developments, and scholarly perspectives, this paper offers insights into the complex and evolving landscape of biotech patent law.