Esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) is a major complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Aim: This study aimed to assess patients' perception regarding factors aggravating esophageal variceal bleeding. Design: A Descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. Setting: This study was conducted in endoscopy unit at Fayoum General Hospital Sample: A purposive sample of (152) adult patients from both sex were included in the study Tools: two tools were used in this study Tool I: Patients’ structured interviewing questionnaire consisted of 3 parts, part I: Patients' demographic characteristics, part II: Medical history of the patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, part III: patient’s knowledge regarding nature of the disease and factors that aggravate EVB, and Tool II: Illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) Results: The present study illustrates that, there were 40, 8 % of the studied patients was from 40- 50 years old, 44.7% of them are females and 55.3 % males, 65.8 % of the studied patients had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge regarding esophageal variceal bleeding. Regarding patients' total illness perception, the present study represented that 51.3 % of the studied patients had higher level of total illness perception. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that nearly two third of the studied patients had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge regarding esophageal variceal bleeding, with approximately more than half of them had a higher level of total illness perception. Recommendation: Developing a simplified and comprehensive booklet including basic information about esophageal varies bleeding .