During sleep, several physiological processes occur, and occasionally pathological disorders are also encountered. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the severest one is characterized by the partial/complete collapse of an upper airway, causing decrease in saturation level of oxygen and arousal from sleep, affecting the functioning of different organs and systems. The first mention in the literature about the OSA in children dates back to 1836. Since then, it is a significant public health problem, having the prevalence of 1-5% globally at present. The most common etiology is adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy, though the other risk factors like cranio-facial abnormalities and obesity are also associated. In children the commonest sign & symptoms include mouth breathing, snoring, nocturnal enuresis and learning disabilities. Without treatment pediatric OSA results in serious morbidity in cardiovascular, neuro-behavioral, somatic growth & development of the child. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of the cause is of paramount importance. The gold standard considered for the diagnosis is nocturnal Polysomnography (PSG). The other tests include overnight continuous pulse oximetry and questionnaire, implemented after thorough history taking and clinical evaluation. The treatment modalities include lifestyle modifications, surgical, non-surgical therapies and selected based upon reasonable consideration of subjective symptoms, disease severity, risks of morbidity and mortality. The pediatric dentist inspects the oro-facial region of a children from a young age on a regular basis and without difficulty can detect any signs & symptoms of Pediatric OSA and he can contribute to the treatment as well with oral appliance therapy, if recommended.