Pharmacology, often described as the cornerstone of modern medicine, is the study of how drugs interact with biological systems to produce therapeutic effects. It encompasses a diverse range of disciplines, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and pharmacogenomics. At its core, pharmacology seeks to understand the mechanisms of action of drugs, their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as their potential side effects and interactions.