Śrimanta Śaṁkardeva was primarily a social reformer, a religious leader, a great Vaiṣṇava saint. Śaṁkardeva was influenced in his life by the Bhakti Movement or Vaiṣṇavism of South India. The principle of Neo- Vaiṣṇavism of Śaṁkardeva or Eka Śaraṇa Nāma Dharma is ‘Self - Surrender’ (Ātma-Samarpaṇa). This means that a devotee seeks ultimate refuge in One God i.e. Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu. This has been adopted verses 63-66 of the 18th chapter of the Bhagavadgītā. In his philosophy, Bhakti plays an important role in Śaṁkardeva’s religion of Neo- Vaiṣṇavism or Eka Śarana Nāma Dharma. Śrimad Bhāgavata enjoins nine kinds of bhakti for a Vaiṣṇava devotee, viz. Śravana, Kirtana, Smarana, Archanā, Pada-Sevana, Dāsya, Vandanā and Deha-Samarpaṇa etc. Out of these Śaṁkardeva preached Śravaṇa, Kirtana, Dāsya bhakti and also Deha-samarpaṇa. For him, bhakti is the medium of bringing a close relationship between God and devotee. This relationship is like the attitude of Dāsya Bhakti, which means the relation between master and slave. By this a devotee attains Supreme bliss i.e. mukti. This paper aims at studying Śaṁkardeva’s Neo-Vaiṣṇavism movement in Assam with a view to finding out its essence and significance in present day Assam.