Parkinson’s disease (PD) is considered the most common type of parkinsonisms, a term reflecting a group of neurological disorders with PD like movement problems such as rigidity, slowness, and tremor. Less common parkinsonisms include other neurodegenerative diseases (eg, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy), drug-induced parkinsonism, and vascular parkinsonism. Stem cells are unspecialized cells in the human body that have a remarkable capability to regenerate continually. The key abilities of stem cells to constantly self-renew, proliferate and differentiate into specialized cells under adapted physiological environment allow them to restore tissue to its pre-injurious state. Stem cells types are either neural stem cells (NSCs), human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). NSCs are the origin of various types of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes during embryonic development of the CNS and subsequently exist primarily in the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain. Stem cell transplantation and activation of endogenous neurogenesis represents one of the most promising therapeutic approaches to CNS repair in neuroregenerative medicine. Treatment with CD34+ stem cells was reported to improve locomotor activity, dopamine and ATP levels, as well as mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA integrity. In accordance, intravenous umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) therapy was reported to restore dopaminergic function in humans. Furthermore, stem cell therapy improved dopaminergic degeneration and induced a marked increase of TH-immunopositive neurons. Similarly, stem cells can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons that reinnervate the denervated striatum, become functionally integrated and restoring striatal dopamine release. Also, transplantation of ESCs has provided proof of the principle that neuronal replacement can work in PD patients.