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ISSN 2063-5346
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POSSIBLE ROLE OF CAUDAL EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN EMERGENCE AGITATION AMONG PEDIATRIC POPULATION

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Khaled Mustafa Helmy, Ahmed Mohamed Salama, Moaz Mahmoud Attia Elbahrawy, Salwa Samir El Sherbeny
» doi: 10.53555/ecb/2023.12.Si12.287

Abstract

Background: Shivering can be caused by neuraxial as well as general anaesthetics. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, estimating the incidence of shivering secondary to neuraxial block is tricky, however it is estimated to be around 55%. Spinal anaesthesia lowers core body temperature faster than epidural anaesthesia in the first 30 minutes following the block. Both strategies cause the temperature to drop at the same rate after 30 minutes. the recovery unit. Shivering not only causes psychological stress in the patient, but it also causes physiological changes such as increased oxygen consumption by 200–600%, increased carbon dioxide production, increased blood pressure, increased risk of myocardial ischaemia, infection, and bleeding, and increased minute ventilation. It also causes hypoxaemia, lactic acidosis, increased intraocular pressure, and intracranial pressure, as well as impeding patient monitoring tools like the electrocardiogram (ECG), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Temperature monitoring is required for patients receiving anaesthesia, but due to the unavailability of an accurate non-invasive core temperature monitor, core temperature is frequently under-monitored during spinal anaesthesia, and significant hypothermia often goes unnoticed in these patients. For monitoring core temperature, disposable thermocouple and thermistor probes are utilized. They are a reasonably accurate (±0.5°C), low-cost, and dependable method. Infrared monitors detect the heat emitted by radiation and can measure the temperature of the tympanic membrane and forehead skin, however they are less accurate. Dexmedetomidine is effective and comparably better than ketamine in preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine also provides sedation without respiratory depression and favorable surgical conditions. However, with its use a fall in blood pressure and heart rate is anticipated.

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