A critical step in the process of conducting educational research is to conduct a review of the relevant literature. It allows the researcher to identify gaps in the research and patterns in a specific field. Future researchers can create their designs more precisely by learning about the designs, samples, and research methods used by past researchers. To be able to make an original contribution, researchers must be aware of recent studies that have been undertaken in the field. The exact observation was made by Good (1972), who stated that "the researcher will be groping in the dark and possibly repeating the work already done."