Cone-beam computed tomography was used in the current retrospective investigation to determine the prevalence of the C-shaped canal system in mandibular molars and premolars in a Saudi Arabian population (CBCT). A total of 500 mandibular teeth were examined using CBCT images which were analyzed to detect the C-shaped root canal according to Fan’s criteria. Only one Mandibular 1st Molar revealed C-shaped canal, whereas 68 Mandibular 2nd Molars (13.6%) & 88 Mandibular 1st Premolars (16.4%) & 30 Mandibular 2nd Premolars (6.4%) showed C-shaped canals. The radicular groove was most classically noticed on Mandibular 2nd Molars (110 teeth-22%), Mandibular 1st Premolars (78 teeth- 15.6%) & Mandibular 2nd Premolars (23 teeth- 4.5%). These results were found to be statistically significant. (p<0.05) The prevalence of C-shaped canals & radicular groove was most commonly noted in Mandibular 1st Premolars & Mandibular 2nd Molars respectively in Saudi population. This study's findings can assist practitioners prevent perforations and root fractures by highlighting how common it is for mandibular premolars and molars to have C-shaped canals and radicular grooves.