PPIs, or proton pump inhibitors, are frequently prescribed drugs for conditions caused by excess acid in the body, such as GERD and peptic ulcers. PPIs are thoroughly discussed in this study, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles. PPIs permanently disable the proton pump in parietal cells, which permanently suppresses the release of stomach acid. PPIs are effective at symptom relief and healing in illnesses associated to acidity, according to clinical trials. Long-term PPI usage, however, may raise certain safety issues, including a higher risk of fractures, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and possibly negative effects on renal function. PPIs may also interact with other pharmaceuticals, so it is important to use caution while co-administering such medications with PPIs. The goal of ongoing research is to examine alternate forms of treatment and personalize PPI therapy. For PPIs to be used appropriately and safely in clinical practice, healthcare practitioners must be aware of the advantages, hazards, and potential interactions related with these drugs.