Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health concern globally, affecting millions annually and posing a substantial socio-economic burden. The use of imaging techniques is crucial for assessing TBI, especially in cases of mild TBI where conventional modalities may not reveal structural lesions. Advanced neuroimaging methods show promise in detecting and predicting outcomes in TBI patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different imaging techniques in diagnosing TBI, identify radiological markers for long-term prognosis, compare the sensitivity and specificity of various modalities in detecting different TBI types, and explore the role of advanced imaging technologies in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and monitoring TBI. Conclusion: While noncontrast CT remains the preferred initial imaging modality for acute moderate to severe TBI due to its speed and accuracy in detecting injuries requiring immediate attention, MRI plays a crucial role in assessing mild TBI and identifying pathologic changes associated with TBI. Advanced neuroimaging techniques like DTI, fMRI, MRS, and perfusion imaging hold promise in improving TBI evaluation and prognostication. The ongoing research in this field aims to validate the standardized role of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing and managing TBI, offering personalized approaches for better patient outcomes.