Drug discovery is a dynamic field constantly evolving with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic agents to combat various diseases. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in drug discovery, highlighting innovative approaches and targeted therapeutics that have emerged in the last few years. The review covers a range of cutting-edge techniques and strategies used in drug design and development, including artificial intelligence and machine learning-based approaches, high-throughput screening, and rational drug design. Additionally, we discuss the significant progress made in the field of targeted therapeutics, with a focus on personalized medicine and precision treatments that offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Furthermore, we explore the latest breakthroughs in drug delivery systems and nanotechnology, which have paved the way for enhanced drug targeting and bioavailability. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the most promising developments in drug discovery, offering potential avenues for the future of medicine.