Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental issue resulting from the discharge of acidic mine water in mining sites. The oxidation of sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, during mining operations leads to the generation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) characterized by low pH and high concentrations of dissolved metals. AMD poses a severe threat to water quality and ecosystems due to its detrimental effects on surface and groundwater. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the processes involved in AMD contaminated with heavy metals and explores remediation strategies for polluted soils and groundwater. The complex reactions of metal sulfide oxidation, hydrolysis, and precipitation in AMD create challenges for its treatment. Traditional methods such as membrane filtration, adsorption, chemical precipitation, advanced oxidation processes, and ion exchange have limitations in terms of cost, scalability, and sustainability. The importance of effective AMD management is underscored by the potential hazards posed by elevated heavy metal concentrations to the environment and human health. The paper emphasizes the need for costeffective and sustainable remediation strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of AMD and ensure the protection of ecosystems and human well-being