Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern globally, necessitating accurate diagnosis and management. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have transformed TBI assessment by providing detailed anatomical information. While CT is preferred in the acute setting for its rapid detection of acute hemorrhage, MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast for evaluating subtle brain injuries. Advanced MRI sequences like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) provide insights into white matter integrity and microvascular changes associated with TBI. Integrating imaging with clinical data enables personalized treatment strategies and prognostication, enhancing TBI management. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of various imaging techniques in diagnosing TBI, compare the accuracy of different modalities, assess imaging's role in predicting outcomes and guiding treatment decisions, and explore the cost-effectiveness of imaging approaches in managing TBI cases. Conclusion: Imaging plays a pivotal role in multidisciplinary TBI care, offering crucial insights into pathophysiology, guiding clinical decisions, and monitoring treatment responses. Challenges persist in standardizing protocols, interpreting findings, and addressing TBI heterogeneity. Future research focuses on novel imaging biomarkers, leveraging AI for analysis, and enhancing multimodal approaches to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes, thereby improving TBI management and outcomes significantly.