Sterilization is the most reliable method for the complete elimination of all microorganisms and can be operated on inanimate targets because it elicits a drastic effect on human tissues. In most cases, the microorganisms are eliminated by disinfection but sterilization is required for the complete elimination of bacterial spores to ensure the safety and efficacy of the pharmaceutical preparations. The utmost priority is given to decrease product contamination through modern sterilization techniques and every individual sterilization technique has unique advantages that define their approach towards biomedical demands. The article highlights the vital sterilization methods and outlines their technical innovations that can be anticipated shortly for extensive applications