Adropin is a novel pleotropic peptide which is encoded by the ENHO gene whose expression was found in the liver and brain, but its presence was also established in the muscle, heart, pancreas, and kidneys. However, studies have showed that adropin has a wide range of diverse effects, among which the most prominent one is maintaining energy homeostasis through glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Since CKD/HD settings are associated with a high cardiovascular risk, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and malnutrition, it is reasonable to presume a potential link with adropin. A recent study conducted on HD patients determined that serum adropin levels are lower in HD patients compared to healthy controls. However, two other studies did not find any significant difference between HD patients and healthy controls. There is growing evidence demonstrating that circulating adropin levels depend upon diet preferences. It was shown that in women but not in men, serum adropin concentration positively correlated with fat intake.