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ISSN 2063-5346
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Studies on Bio-composting of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) leaves

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Sanabala Sowjanya, Dr S. Chaitanya Kumari, Dr P. Naga Padma, Dr K. Anuradha
» doi: 10.48047/ecb/2023.12.si7.404

Abstract

In developing countries like India, rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have led to a significant rise in solid waste generation, posing challenges for municipal authorities. Improper disposal of leaf litter exacerbates the problem. To tackle this issue, the present study focused on eco-friendly and cost-effective bio-composting of leaf litter using traditional enhancers such as animal waste and earthworms. The study involved preparing six composting piles with combinations of Neem leaf litter, Tulasi leaf litter, red soil, cow dung, buffalo dung, and goat manure in a 2:2:1 ratio. These piles were placed in bags in a dark room, and moisture content was maintained by adding water. The composting process included anaerobic composting for 48-72 hours followed by aerobic composting for 60 days. Throughout the process, various Physico-chemical, enzymatic, and microbiological parameters were analysed, including soil enzyme activities (such as amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, protease) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities (such as siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and phosphate solubilization). Additionally, the impact of the compost on fenugreek plant growth was assessed. The results demonstrated significant changes in the compost's Physico-chemical and enzymatic parameters during the incubation period. Enzyme activities increased with the addition of animal dung. All six combinations of composting piles exhibited considerable improvements in shoot and root lengths, indicating successful plant growth. Notably, the combinations involving red soil, Neem leaf litter, and either buffalo dung or cow dung showed particularly favourable results. In conclusion, the study revealed the effectiveness of combining leaf litter and animal waste for composting, providing a successful and environmentally friendly approach to managing leaf litter.

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