The characterization of materials is important for understanding their properties and applications. Characterization procedures provide a thorough insight of nanoparticles by evaluating their physical attributes such as crystal structure, microstructural details, film composition, surface morphology, and so on. The structural information of the particles is critical in particle research, process development, and reliability analysis. There are different characterization techniques used on pure CeO2 material are Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The pure CeO2 material is successfully synthesised for various concentrations by using the co-precipitation method. The optical and photo-catalytic characteristics of pure CeO2 nanoparticles were investigated. It shows the phase change and colour change in the material with change in the temperature of material. It confirms that the pure CeO2 material enhanced it properties with different concentration.