Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, is a major public health problem that is rapidly increasing in prevalence worldwide. Although comprehensive diabetes management is important, glycemic control is essential for effective diabetes management because lowering the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to below or around 7% can reduce microvascular complications and, if implemented soon after the diagnosis of diabetes. The approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of two SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, with several others in late-stage clinical development, represents an important step forward in the treatment of T2DM because these drugs may be effective for adults with a high risk of T2DM.