Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and certain types of cancer, pose a significant public health challenge worldwide. Early detection of these conditions is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a vital role in conducting health screenings, identifying risk factors, and providing preventive interventions. This review synthesizes current literature on the impact of nurse-led health screenings in various healthcare settings, including primary care clinics, community health centers, and hospitals. The article discusses the effectiveness of different screening tools and protocols used by nurses, as well as the outcomes of early detection initiatives on patient health and healthcare utilization. Moreover, it examines the challenges and barriers faced by nurses in implementing health screenings and suggests strategies to enhance the uptake and effectiveness of these programs. Overall, the evidence suggests that nurse-led health screenings are instrumental in promoting early detection, improving health outcomes, and reducing the burden of chronic diseases on individuals and healthcare systems.