Social determinants of health encompass the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including factors such as socioeconomic status, education, employment, housing, and access to healthcare. Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes between different populations, often based on race, ethnicity, income, or geographic location. The aim of this study is to examine how social determinants of health contribute to the existence and persistence of health disparities. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study highlights the significant impact of social determinants on health outcomes and disparities. It reveals that individuals facing social disadvantage are more likely to experience poor health outcomes compared to those with greater access to resources and opportunities. The study also sheds light on the complex interplay of social, economic, and environmental factors that shape health disparities across diverse populations. Moreover, this study discusses the implications of these findings for public health policy and practice. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that address the root causes of health disparities, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to quality healthcare. By understanding and addressing the social determinants of health, policymakers and healthcare providers can work towards reducing health inequities and promoting health equity for all populations. Overall, this study underscores the critical importance of addressing social determinants of health in order to eliminate health disparities and improve health outcomes for all individuals.