Pediculosis capitis is an infection of the scalp or hair caused by infestation of Pediculus humanus var. capitis. The prevalence of this disease is quite high, especially in school-age children. Factors that play a role in influencing the occurrence of Pediculosis capitis are age, gender, sharing a bed or pillow, using a comb or hair accessories together, hair length, frequency of hair washing, economy and hair shape. Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions with a boarding school system or joint education so as to form a separate community. This is a risk that the disease will quickly spread to members of the pesantren community. The spread of this disease can be through direct and indirect contact transmission. Clinical symptoms of the disease include itching which causes scalp abnormalities when scratched and can cause secondary infections, sleep disturbances at night due to itching, and psychologically it makes children feel embarrassed because they are isolated from other children. Several factors can help spread Pediculosis capitis, namely socio-economic factors, level of knowledge, poor personal hygiene, residential density, and individual characteristics such as age, hair length, and hair type. The definitive diagnosis of Pediculosis capitis is finding Pediculus humanus var. capitis adults, nymphs, and eggs on the scalp and hair. Methods of treatment can be done using physical or chemical methods. Pediculosis capitis can also be prevented by avoiding direct and indirect contact