The morphological and anatomical structure of the stem and roots of some plant species of the genus Asanthophyllum C.A. Mey, living in different habitats, was studied and analyzed. In plant stems, xylem consists of one inner ring and 20 narrow arcuate bundles. The annual bundles of xylem are more or less markedly outlined, the lumens of the vessels are located along the radius. Phloem developed, ring structure. The epidermis, parenchyma of the cortex, and the cork were exfoliated. Outside of the phloem, there are 3-4 annual rings of small-cell thick-walled perivascular fibers, completely different from those of the first year. The core is narrow, slit-like. The anatomical structure of perennial roots of plants of 17 species of p.Acanihophyllum, 2 species of p. Kughitangia and 3 species p. Gypsophila. The vast majority of the studied species of the first two genera have a concentric, polycambial root structure. A distinctive feature of the roots of the considered species (with the exception of the species of the sec. Turbinaria and A. sordidum from the sec. Pleiosperma) is the absence of mechanical lignified tissues in the xylem. Only the walls of the vessels become lignified, all other tissues are living with non-lignified cellulose membranes