Objectives: Leucas aspera Linn. commonly known as Thumbai, is a medicinal plant with a rich history of traditional use in various systems of medicine. This research article presents a comprehensive study aimed at exploring the potential antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities of L. aspera, along with a detailed chemical examination. Methodology: Chemical examination was carried out by using GC-MS and column chromatographic analysis. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by using α-amylase and αglucosidase inhibitorymethods, while anti-obesity activity was performed through porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory test. Results: The results of the GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of L. aspera (La) revealed a diverse array of 18 known major bioactive compounds. The chromatographic analysis of La revealed the presence of five known compounds, which upon analysing the spectral data identified as clovanediol (1), lupeol (2), stilbenoid (3), chrysoeriol (4), and 2-isoprenyl emodin (5). The plant extract and isolated metabolites (4 and 5) exhibited significant antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects by enhancing regulating key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and inhibiting adipogenesis, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, this investigation offers a scientific basis for the traditional use of L. asperaas a potential treatment option for diabetes and obesity.