Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field with the potential to revolutionize various aspects of healthcare, including laboratory testing. This review article explores the applications of nanotechnology in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests. Nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanosensors, have unique properties that make them ideal candidates for improving the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic tests. By leveraging the high surface area-to-volume ratio and tailored surface properties of nanomaterials, researchers have developed innovative strategies to enhance the detection limits and selectivity of laboratory tests. Furthermore, nanotechnology offers opportunities for miniaturization, multiplexing, and point-of-care testing, which can significantly improve the efficiency and accessibility of diagnostic procedures. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in using nanotechnology to enhance the performance of various laboratory tests, including immunoassays, nucleic acid amplification tests, and biosensors. We also highlight challenges and future directions in the integration of nanotechnology into clinical diagnostics, such as standardization, scalability, and biocompatibility. Overall, the integration of nanotechnology holds great promise for transforming the landscape of laboratory testing by enabling faster, more sensitive, and specific diagnostic assays.