This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of various X-ray radiographic methods in the context of medical diagnostics, focusing particularly on their efficacy in identifying pathologies. Traditional X-ray techniques, fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), digital radiography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are scrutinized to understand their applications, advantages, and limitations. By examining the technological foundations and clinical applications of each method, the study highlights how advancements in radiographic technology have expanded the capabilities of medical diagnostics, offering enhanced image quality, reduced radiation exposure, and improved accuracy in disease detection. The comparison draws on existing literature, case studies, and statistical analyses to evaluate the diagnostic precision of each method across a range of conditions, from bone fractures and lung infections to soft tissue diseases like cancer and osteoporosis. The findings aim to provide healthcare professionals with a nuanced understanding of the most effective radiographic techniques for various medical conditions, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of the prospects of X-ray technology, underscoring the importance of continuous innovation in the field.