Both genetic and environmental factors affect liver pathogenesis ‎contributing to carcinogenesis. Identifying those factors could guide ‎understanding various pathways involved in hepatic carcinogenesis. This ‎may improve screening policies for high risk patients. DNA repair ‎mechanisms interact to conserve genome integrity and avoid ‎carcinogenesis. Base excision repair (BER) constitutes the primary ‎defense against lesions generated by ionizing radiation and strong ‎alkylating agents, in addition to other DNA-damaging agents as viruses. ‎XRCC 1 gene has been found to play a pivotal role in the base excision ‎repair (BER) pathway. Mutations of XRCC 1 may increase the risk of ‎cancer through impairing its interaction with other enzymatic proteins ‎with consequent impairment of DNA repair activity.