This article examines the issues of development of the textile industry in Uzbekistan in the context of the current market economy reforms. In particular, it analyzes the role of the cotton sector in the development of the textile industry of our country, as well as the structural changes in agriculture, especially the cotton sector, during the years of independence, the growth rates of the production of the textile industry products of our republic, the dynamics of the export of the textile industry products in the republic due to the reduction of cotton cultivation areas and the decrease in the amount of the gross cotton harvest.