Ion-channels are proteins which sit in the membrane of every cell in the body and control the flow of positively charged ions such as sodium and potassium into and out of the cell. Ion channels are thought to be in one of two stochastic states, i.e. open or closed, according to the classical model. However, the discovery of'sub conductance' states in a variety of ion channels, including numerous potassium (K+) channels, casts doubt on this theory. Using the fact that heteromeric Kir4.1/Kir5.1 potassium channels exhibit long-lived sub-conductance states and an ortholog of Kir5.1 from Xenopus tropicalis causes a major change in the frequency and duration of these sub-states, we want to analyse these sub-conductance states in this study. A mathematical model will be used to retrace the path of single-channel currents. We will use the threshold-crossing approach, amplitude histograms, and HMM (Hidden Markov Model) analysis to assess sub-conductance states in all types of channels. As a first step, recordings of singlechannel events are idealised into closed and open dwells, then dwell times are fitted to the data using Clampfit 9.2 and HJCFIT software, respectively. QuB analysis software will be used to ensure the unambiguous detection of brief sublevel occurrences and the comparison of sublevel durations