This project attempts to understand electrically conducting concrete, as provided the addition of short carbon fibers into concrete can function as a smart structure material that allows non-destructive electrical probes for the monitoring of construction & design flaws. The electrical signal is related to an increase in the concrete’s volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and a decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. The linearity between the volume resistivity change and compressive stress was good for mortar containing carbon fibers together with either methylcellulose or latex as dispersants. Smart concrete structures that provide the capability of non-destructive flaw detection allow concrete structures to be repaired before it is too late. This capability is critically needed for highways, bridges and nuclear power plants. An intrinsically smart concrete is more versatile and more convenient to use than an extrinsically smart concrete. In particular, the carbon fibers in carbon fiber reinforced concrete serve to provide the smart action as well as improved structural performance. Furthermore, the addition of carbon fibers to concrete can be achieved by simply using the conventional stone concrete mixer.