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ISSN 2063-5346
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Surface Modifications of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices โ€“ A Narrative Review

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Dr. Menta Sai Kalyan, Dr. Megha Ramani Revaneti, Dr. Aditya Kalra, Dr. Marakini Subrahmanya Ravi
ยป doi: 10.48047/ecb/2023.12.si7.543

Abstract

TADs are widely used as the source of absolute anchorage in contemporary orthodontics. Since years, TADs are used for anchorage management efficiently. Stability of these mini-implants on bone were studied and it helped the researchers to modify the implant surfaces to overcome the failures over a period of time. Various techniques were introduced which includes Anodic Oxidation, Plasma ion implantation, SLA, Micro-grooving, Resorbable Blasting Media, UV photofunctionalization and various nanoscale modifications. All these techniques improved the surface characteristics of TADs and they had better bone-surface contact compared to machined ones. Initial stability, Tissue healing, and osseointegration were greatly improved with the surface modifications. The surface modifications enhanced the biologic potential of TAD surface. Modified surface properties made TADs more stable in the bone and serves the purpose of achieving absolute anchorage without fail. Roughening the surfaces enabled more mechanical interlocking of the TADs on bone. UV treatment improved the osteoconductive capacity of titanium TADs. Micro-grooving helped to have a positive tissue response and better healing capacity. Anodic Oxidation was found to be associated with increased removal torque ensuring better stability in bone. Plasma Ion implantation made the surface without any defects and improved the mechanical properties of TADs. SLA treated TADs exhibited overall better characteristics than machined ones. Surface modifications enhanced the stability and potential of TADs, which helps an orthodontist to use them as a source of absolute anchorage throughout active orthodontic treatment.

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