One of the most important parts of professional nurses' educational duties is patient education, which aims to transfer knowledge, change people's attitudes and behaviours, and encourage people to adopt healthy habits whether they are well or not. The objectives of this review are to investigate the current practices and methods used by nurses in educating patients about anesthesia, to assess the level of knowledge and understanding among patients regarding anesthesia, to explore the main barriers or challenges faced by nurses in effectively educating patients about anesthesia and to determine the consequences of poor patient education. The study concluded that the preoperative education is an essential nursing task that can be affected by the nurses’ perception. Patients may be receiving insufficient vital information before surgery. However, the essential information that should be provided to patients undergoing surgery is not fully addressed. Patient education is one of the substantial elements of providing the best patient care in all healthcare sectors. It is a systematic process that leading to changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Patient education is also a method of identifying the patient's needs and improving clinical outcomes. Education is not limited to providing information and advice; it must go beyond this to result in a significant change in the patient's behavior.